12.2. Further Reading

12.2.1. Upstreaming

• The benefits of Mainline Linux and the mindset of upstream development

12.2.2. License Issues

Articles

• http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html: GNU General Public License, version 2
• http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html: GNU General Public License
• http://www.softwarefreedom.org/resources/2008/compliance-guide.html: A Practical Guide to GPL Compliance
• http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.video.dri.devel/52751 Alan Cox about combining GPL device drivers with closed source user space libraries

12.2.3. Linux kernel

Books

• Karim Yaghmour, Jon Masters, Gilad Ben-Yossef, Philippe Gerum: "Building Embedded Linux Systems 2nd edition",
  Paperback: 462 pages, O'Reilly & Associates; (August 2008); ISBN 10: 0-596-52968-6; ISBN 13: 9780596529680 ISBN 059600222X - IMHO the best book about Embedded Linux so far. An absolute must have.
• Greg Kroah-Hartman: "Linux Kernel in a Nutshell",
  198 pages, O'Reilly ("In Nutshell" series), (December 2006), ISBN 10: 0-596-10079-5; ISBN 13: 9780596100797
  - Tarball of PDF files (3 MB):
  http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/gregkh/lkn/lkn_pdf.tar.bz2
  - Tarball of DocBook files (1 MB):
  http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/gregkh/lkn/lkn_xml.tar.bz2
• Craig Hollabaugh: "Embedded Linux: Hardware, Software, and Interfacing",
  Paperback: 432 pages; Addison Wesley Professional; (March 7, 2002); ISBN 0672322269
• Christopher Hallinan: "Embedded Linux Primer: A Practical Real-World Approach",
  576 pages, Prentice Hall, September 2006, ISBN-10: 0-13-167984-8; ISBN-13: 978-0-13-167984-9
• Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman: "Linux Device Drivers", 3rd Edition ;
  Paperback: 636 pages; O'Reilly & Associates; 3rd edition (February 2005); ISBN: 0-596-00590-31 - The reference book for writing Linux device drivers. An absolute must have. => Read online
• Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst: "Linux-Treiber entwickeln"; Broschur: 436 pages; dpunkt.verlag, Juni 2004; ISBN 3898642380
  - focused on kernel 2.6, unfortunately German only
  - => Read online
• Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran: "Essential Linux Device Drivers",
  744 pages, Prentice Hall, March 2008, ISBN-10: 0-13-239655-6; ISBN-13: 978-0-13-239655-4
  - => Read online

Articles

• The Linux Kernel - describing most aspects of the Linux Kernel. Probably, the first reference for beginners. Lots of illustrations explaining data structures use and relationships. In short: a must have.
• Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide - Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules programming. Lots of examples.
• LWN: Porting device drivers to the 2.6 kernel - Series of articles (37) in Linux Weekly News: http://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/
• MIPS Linux Porting Guide: http://linux.junsun.net/porting-howto/porting-howto.html
• Andries Brouwers remarks to the linux kernel: http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/lk/lk.html

12.2.4. General Linux / Unix programming

Books

• W. Richard Stevens: "Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment", Addision Wesley, ISBN 0-201-56317-7
• Eric S. Raymond: "The Art of Unix Programming", Addision Wesley, ISBN 0131429019 => Read online. If you don't want to read the whole book then at least look at the Basics of the Unix philosophy condensing lots of experience into a few rules. This is essential reading.
• David R. Butenhof: "Programming with POSIX Threads", Addision Wesley, ISBN 0-201-63392-2.
• Bradford Nichols, Dick Buttlar and Jacqueline Proulx Farrell: "Pthreads Programming", O'Reilly & Associates
• "Pro Git" by Scott Chacon
  See http://book.git-scm.com/ or download the current PDF version.
• Ross Anderson: "Security Engineering - A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems"
  See http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/book.html
• Paul McKenney: "Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So, What Can You Do About It?"
  Available online and in print

Articles

• The GNU C Library: http://www.linuxselfhelp.com/gnu/glibc/html_chapter/libc_toc.html
  General Linux Programming: http://www.linuxselfhelp.com/cats/programming.html
• Multi-Threaded Programming With POSIX Threads:
  http://users.actcom.co.il/~choo/lupg/tutorials/multi-thread/multi-thread.html
• Brad Hards: The Linux USB Input Subsystem, Part I
  http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6396
• Brad Hards: Using the Input Subsystem, Part II
  http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6429
• Ulrich Drepper: Position Independent Binaries: "Text Relocations"
  http://people.redhat.com/drepper/textrelocs.html
• Ulrich Drepper: "How to Write Shared Libraries"
  http://people.redhat.com/drepper/dsohowto.pdf
• Ulrich Drepper: "What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory"
  http://people.redhat.com/drepper/cpumemory.pdf
• David Goldberg: "What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic"
  http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~dws/grouplinks/floating_point_math.pdf
• More Ulrich Drepper stuff: http://people.redhat.com/drepper/
• How to optimize DSOs by identifying unused non-exported functions and data.
  http://blog.flameeyes.eu/articles/2008/01/17/today-how-to-identify-unused-exported-functions-and-variables
• A quite complete history of the UNIX family can be found here: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
• Unix Manual, first edition, 3 November 1971: http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/1stEdman.html
• John Graham-Cumming: Debugging Makefiles
  http://newsletter.embedded.com/cgi-bin4/DM/y/e4Kd0G1ErD0FrY0E3FS0EZ
• Binutils / ld documentation: Linker Scripts
• git ready - learn one git command at a time: http://gitready.com/

Standards:

• POSIX.1-2008, IEEE Std 1003.1™-2008, The Open Group Technical Standard Base Specifications, Issue 7: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/mindex.html
• Linux Standard Base: http://refspecs.freestandards.org/lsb.shtml
• Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 (needs registration even for online viewing)
• Single UNIX Specification, Version 2
• PCI Bus Bindings - Standard for Boot Firmware:
  http://playground.sun.com/1275/bindings/pci/pci2_1.pdf
• International standardization working group for the programming language C: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/

12.2.5. Network Programming

Books

• W. Richard Stevens: "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 - The Protocols", Addision Wesley, ISBN 0-201-63346-9
• Gary R. Wright, W. Richard Stevens: "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2 - The Implementation", Addision Wesley, ISBN 0-201-63354-X
• W. Richard Stevens: "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3 - TCP for Transactions", Addision Wesley, ISBN 0-201-63495-3
• W. Richard Stevens: "UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1 - Networking APIs: Sockets and XTI", 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, ISBN-0-13-490012-X
• W. Richard Stevens: "UNIX Network Programming, Volume 2 - Interprocess Communication", 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, ISBN-0-13-081081-9

Articles

• Linux Networking topics (like NAPI, GSO, VLAN, IPsec etc.):
  http://linux-net.osdl.org/index.php/Main_Page

12.2.6. C++ programming

Books

• Scott Meyers: "Effective C++: 55 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs (3rd Edition)", Addison-Wesley, May 20, 2005, ISBN: 0321334876

12.2.7. Java programming

Books

• Joshua Bloch: "Effective Java -- Programming Language Guide", 2001, Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-201-31005-8, 250 pages

12.2.8. Internationalization And Character Sets

Articles

• Wikipedia article on UTF-8: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
• "The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!)" by Joel Spolsky: http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html
• "UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux" by Markus Kuhn http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
• Understanding Encodings: http://foswiki.org/Development/UnderstandingEncodings
  Detailed primer on character sets and encodings, especially in the context of web design

12.2.9. ARM Architecture Programming

12.2.10. Power Architecture® Programming

12.2.11. Embedded Topics

Articles

• Things you always wanted to know about NAND flash but never dared to ask: Micron Application Note
• The Inconvenient Truths of NAND Flash Memory (contains actual data for data-retention times): Micron Presentation
• The ultimate goal of Embedded C++ is to provide embedded systems programmers with a subset of C++ that is easy for the average C programmer to understand and use.
• Our contribution to the Darwin year 2009: Hardware designs that will not replicate: Topic in DENX Wiki