4.3. History of Linux (Part Three)

• In September 1983 Richard Stallman started the GNU project to build complete free operating system.

• As it was a voluntary project, he chose Unix as a model so coordination of contributors would be easier.

• Stallman wrote Emacs, GCC and GDB as a foundation

• Many volunteers contributed GPLd rewrites of Unix utilities (make, vi, sed, awk, etc.)

• Most of the GNU project was done by 1992 - last thing missing: a kernel

• FSF started work on The Hurd, a micro-kernel architecture based on Mach kernel