Embedded GNU/Linux System Architecture

• Intro
  • Linux Intro
    • History of Unix
      • Unix is born
      • Unix spreads
      • hard times
      • Free software
      • more info
        • history of modern computers
        • generations of computers
        • Unix history
    • Origin of Free Software
      • RMS
    • History of Linux
      • Minix was a mess
        • AST vs linus
      • UNIX wars
      • GNU has failed to deliver a kernel (HURD)
      • Internet
      • OpenSource^? (development methodology)
        • Free software (social movement)
    • GNU/Linux
      • www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8ugRM3-twc YouTube - Linus Torvalds on GNU/Linux^?
      • Alexa Traffic Rank for http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVTWCPoUt8w: 3www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVTWCPoUt8w YouTube - The Origins of Linux - Linus Torvalds^?
      • Linus vs. Tanenbaum
      • The Tanenbaum-Torvalds Debate
      • Linux is obsolete
      • More Linux is obsolete
      • Monolithic vs. Microkernel
      • Linux Blog
      • Kernel ports
      • Linux Kernel
      • Link kernel development
      • kernel history
      • figures of recect Linux Kernels
  • Background Info
    • Licensing Models
      • FOSS
      • Open Letter to hobbyists
      • History of free software
      • GPL3
      • GPL3 project watchlist
      • RMS blog
      • RMS vs. Linux
      • Open Soure Activity map
      • Open Source Licenses
      • Example appweb server
    • Standards and Portability in the Unix world
      • GCC
      • The Past and Future of Linux Standards
      • Opengroup base specs
      • Single Unix Specification
      • Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
      • Linux standard base
      • RFCS
        • On Holy Wars and a Plea for Peace
    • Working with Free Software
      • Use the force Luke
      • Spelunking
        • find
        • grep
        • cscope
        • global
        • source navigator (NG)
        • Linux Cross Referencer
        • diff
        • sort
        • wc
        • awk
        • perl
        • python
        • sed
        • patch
        • quilt
        • git
        • doxygen
    • Finding help
      • communities
        • How to ask questions the smart way
      • mailing lists
        • bikeshed
  • Unix Philosophy
    • artu
    • everything is a file
    • premature optimization
    • KISS
    • rule of silence
    • data dominates
    • small is beautiful
    • When in doubt, use brute force.

• host playground
  • architecture
  • shell
  • users/groups
  • Detailed look at the Linux filesystem hierarchy
    • devices
    • user land-kernel interface
    • daemon
    • booting
    • quick look at /proc
  • permissions
  • hard and soft links
  • three more permission bits
  • real/effective uid/gid
  • scheduler
  • process/task/thread
  • IPC
    • simple
      • shell redirection
      • shell out (blechen)
      • tempfiles
    • advanced
      • message passing
        • pipes
          • unnamed
          • named
        • signals
        • message queues
          • unnamed
          • name
        • semaphores
          • unnamed
          • named
      • shared memory
        • a two step approach
      • sockets
    • IPC techniques you should try to avoid
  • Host Linux Setup
    • Installing the ELDK
    • Working with the ELDK
      • DULG
    • Tftp Server Configuration
      • DULG
    • Setup of the NFS Server
      • DULG
    • Setup of the DHCP Server
      • DULG
    • Terminal Emulation Setup
      • DULG
    • Test the host setup

• U-Boot & Linux
  • An Introduction to git
    • Software Configuration Management using git
  • Booting Linux
    • DULG - Booting Embedded Linux

• Designing Unix Applications
  • Unix Design Patterns
  • Simple Unix Interface Design Patterns
  • Advanced Unix Interface Design Patterns
  • Unix Inter Process Communication - Simple Techniques
  • Unix Inter Process Communication - Advanced Techniques
  • IPC techniques to avoid
  • Use case: board test software
  • Domain specific languages (Minilanguages)

• Debugging & Profiling
  • Debugging
    • intro
      • what is a bug?
      • types of bugs?
      • strategy
    • simple tools
      • lsof
      • strace
      • proc
        • /proc/pid
        • /proc/
      • top
    • advanced tools
      • local debugging
        • on host
          • hello world
          • core dump
          • null pointer
        • on target
          • target gdb
          • target gdbtui
      • remote debugging
        • target gdbserver
        • host
          • gdb
          • ddd
      • JTAG/BDI as gdbserver
        • u-boot
          • before relocation
          • after relocation
            • find offset address
            • add debug info to U-boot to confirm findings
          • DULG: GDB startup and utility files
      • simple debugging with bdi u-boot only with JTAG/BDI
    • more info
      • Application Debugging
        • DULG: Application debugging
      • DULG: Linux Kernel debugging
  • Profiling
    • what is profiling?
    • types
      • time profiling
      • coverage
    • why?
    • when?
    • how?
    • profiling vs. tracing
    • tools
      • system timers
        • time
      • gprof
      • gcov
      • oprofile
    • more info
      • DULG: Profiling techniques
      • Optimization Techniques

• Using the BDM/JTAG Debugger, BDI2000, Part 1
  • BDI2000 Installation and Configuration
  • DULG Installation using a BDB/JTAG debugger
  • Downloading U-Boot to flash

• Real-time
  • prerequisites
    • kernel-user space
    • interrupts
    • reentrant code
  • what is real-time?
  • Real-time Linux
    • vanilla Linux vs. real-time Linux
    • real-time performace/effort staircase
      • explicit preemption points
      • implicit preemption point
      • real-time preemption patch
    • Can Linux handle real-time requirements?
      • fully preemptive kernel
      • hard real-time extensions
        • RTLinux
        • RTAI
        • Xenomai
    • Xenomai vs. RTAI
    • Real time with Adeos/Xenomai (Introduction)
      • Adeos
      • The Xenomai real time framework
      • Xenomai Architecture
      • Interrupt shield (better RTDM)
      • SW stack
      • skins
      • roadmap - future outlook
        • Xenomai 3
          • transition to it
        • RTDM
        • Xenomai/Solo
      • Case study: Migrating from RTOS (VRTXsa) to Xenomai-Linux
      • Try it out
        • which kernel/adeos patch?
        • get adeos patch
        • get kernel
        • get xenomai
        • patch kernel
        • build kernel + fdt
        • copy over to tftp
        • adjust symbolic links
        • build xenomai user space support
        • install xenomai user space support
        • cyclictest
          • load the cpu
            • telnetd
      • more info:
        • Appnote

• EliMiscellanious
  • Installing and using Embedded WEB Servers
    • rebuilding ELDK packages
  • Tools, Scripts, Tipps and Tricks
  • More information

• unsorted
  • a.out! The early PDP-11 did not contain memory protection. One was expected to jell ‘A.OUT’ before trying new software...
  • SW release
    • Administration
      • version control
      • bug tracking
      • wiki
      • central build environment per platform
        • host Linux distro
        • target Linux distro
          • toolchain
            • libraries
            • headers
          • packages
          • rootfs
          • kernel
          • bootloader
      • transition from windoze
    • Development
      • build scripts/makefiles
      • coding
        • user space
        • kernel space
      • debugging
        • user space
        • kernel space
        • code reviews
          • coding standard
    • how to reproduce a release?
      • build environment
        • host Linux distro snapshot
        • target Linux distro snapshot
      • code
        • version control
  • errno

• target playground
  • How to run Linux on the target (kilauea)?
  • files needed
    • kilauea.cfg [JTAG/BDI config file (tftp)]
    • u-boot.bin [bootloader (JTAG/tftp)]
      • what is u-boot?
      • scripting
      • get it
        • git intro
      • build it
      • flash it (JTAG/BDI)
      • check it
      • commands
      • restore factory settings
      • downloadable environment
        • create
        • download
        • execute
      • more info
        • U-Boot and Linux
        • DULG - U-Boot and Linux
        • The powerful U-Boot command line interface
          • DULG - U-Boot Command Line Interface
          • DULG - Information Commands
          • DULG - Memory Commands
          • DULG - Flash Memory Commands
          • DULG - Execution Control Commands
          • DULG - Download Commands
          • DULG - Environment Variables Commands
          • DULG - Flattened Device Tree support
          • DULG - Special Commands
          • DULG - Storage devices
          • DULG - Miscellaneous Commands
        • DULG - U-Boot Environment Variables
        • DULG - U-Boot Scripting Capabilities
        • DULG - U-Boot Standalone Applications
        • DULG - U-Boot Image Formats
        • DULG - U-Boot Advanced Features
        • Building U-Boot
          • DULG U-Boot
        • U-Boot Tips and Tricks: preboot, update, etc.
        • U-Boot Design Principles
    • uImage [kernel (tftp)]
      • what is uImage?
      • which kernel to use?
        • the one with ELDK
        • latest DENX tested on kilauea
        • latest stable mainline
        • latest and greatest DENX
        • something in between
      • get kernel
        • show how for each
      • build the kernel
      • more info
        • Configuring and building the Linux kernel
          • DULG Embedded Linux Configuration
    • rootfs [root file system (NFS here)]
      • at the moment given by ELDK
    • kilauea.dtb [flat device tee blob (tftp)]
      • what is flat device tree?
      • build it
  • make kernel, device tree,... available
    • copy them over to tftp
    • adjust symbolic links
  • run it on board
    • serial
    • telnet to JTAG/BDI
  • DULG: Designing and buildling root file systems
    • compressed ramdisk image
    • rootfs on a ramdisk
      • create
      • run
    • MTD
    • rootfs on JFFS2
      • create
      • caveat: does it fit?
        • increase partition
          • mtd memory map
          • mtdparts
          • flat device tree
      • run
    • rootfs on cramfs
      • create
        • caveat: mkcramfs
      • run
    • rootfs on read only ext2
    • comparison flash file systems
    • further info
      • DULG: Flash file systems
      • Using Flash filesystems