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DENX . DULG . UBootCmdGroupFlash
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=> help cp
cp - memory copy
Usage:
cp [.b, .w, .l] source target count
=> help cp
cp - memory copy
Usage:
cp [.b, .w, .l] source target count
=>
The cp command "knows" about flash memory areas and will automatically
invoke the necessary flash programming algorithm when the target area
is in flash memory.
=> cp.b 0x100000 0xFF900000 0x40000
Copy to Flash... done
=>
Writing to flash memory may fail when the target area has not been
erased (see erase below), or if it is
write-protected (see protect below).
=> cp.b 0x100000 0xFF900000 0x40000
Copy to Flash... Can't write to protected Flash sectors
=>
Remember that the count argument specifies the number of items
to copy. If you have a "length" instead (= byte count) you should use
cp.b or you will have to calculate the correct number of items.
The command flinfo (short: fli)
can be used to get information about the available flash memory. The
number of flash banks is printed with information about the size and
organization into flash "sectors" or erase units.
For all sectors the start addresses are printed; write-protected sectors
are marked as read-only (RO).
Some configurations of U-Boot also mark empty sectors with an (E).
=> fli
Bank # 1: CFI conformant FLASH (16 x 16) Size: 64 MB in 512 Sectors
AMD Standard command set, Manufacturer ID: 0x01, Device ID: 0x227E
Erase timeout: 16384 ms, write timeout: 2 ms
Buffer write timeout: 5 ms, buffer size: 32 bytes
Sector Start Addresses:
FC000000 FC020000 FC040000 FC060000 FC080000
FC0A0000 FC0C0000 FC0E0000 FC100000 FC120000
FC140000 FC160000 FC180000 FC1A0000 FC1C0000 E
FC1E0000 FC200000 FC220000 FC240000 FC260000
FC280000 FC2A0000 FC2C0000 FC2E0000 FC300000
FC320000 FC340000 FC360000 FC380000 FC3A0000
FC3C0000 E FC3E0000 E FC400000 E FC420000 E FC440000 E
FC460000 E FC480000 E FC4A0000 E FC4C0000 E FC4E0000 E
FC500000 E FC520000 E FC540000 E FC560000 E FC580000 E
FC5A0000 E FC5C0000 E FC5E0000 E FC600000 E FC620000 E
FC640000 E FC660000 E FC680000 E FC6A0000 E FC6C0000 E
FC6E0000 E FC700000 E FC720000 E FC740000 E FC760000 E
FC780000 E FC7A0000 E FC7C0000 E FC7E0000 E FC800000 E
FC820000 E FC840000 E FC860000 E FC880000 E FC8A0000 E
FC8C0000 E FC8E0000 E FC900000 E FC920000 E FC940000 E
FC960000 E FC980000 E FC9A0000 E FC9C0000 E FC9E0000 E
FCA00000 E FCA20000 E FCA40000 E FCA60000 E FCA80000 E
FCAA0000 E FCAC0000 E FCAE0000 E FCB00000 E FCB20000 E
FCB40000 E FCB60000 E FCB80000 E FCBA0000 E FCBC0000 E
FCBE0000 E FCC00000 E FCC20000 E FCC40000 E FCC60000 E
FCC80000 E FCCA0000 E FCCC0000 E FCCE0000 E FCD00000 E
FCD20000 E FCD40000 E FCD60000 E FCD80000 E FCDA0000 E
FCDC0000 E FCDE0000 E FCE00000 E FCE20000 E FCE40000 E
FCE60000 E FCE80000 E FCEA0000 E FCEC0000 E FCEE0000 E
FCF00000 E FCF20000 E FCF40000 E FCF60000 E FCF80000 E
FCFA0000 E FCFC0000 E FCFE0000 E FD000000 E FD020000 E
FD040000 E FD060000 E FD080000 E FD0A0000 E FD0C0000 E
FD0E0000 E FD100000 E FD120000 E FD140000 E FD160000 E
FD180000 E FD1A0000 E FD1C0000 E FD1E0000 E FD200000 E
FD220000 E FD240000 E FD260000 E FD280000 E FD2A0000 E
FD2C0000 E FD2E0000 E FD300000 E FD320000 E FD340000 E
FD360000 E FD380000 E FD3A0000 E FD3C0000 E FD3E0000 E
FD400000 E FD420000 E FD440000 E FD460000 E FD480000 E
FD4A0000 E FD4C0000 E FD4E0000 E FD500000 E FD520000 E
FD540000 E FD560000 E FD580000 E FD5A0000 E FD5C0000 E
FD5E0000 E FD600000 FD620000 E FD640000 E FD660000 E
FD680000 E FD6A0000 E FD6C0000 E FD6E0000 E FD700000 E
FD720000 E FD740000 E FD760000 E FD780000 E FD7A0000 E
FD7C0000 E FD7E0000 E FD800000 E FD820000 E FD840000 E
FD860000 E FD880000 E FD8A0000 E FD8C0000 E FD8E0000 E
FD900000 E FD920000 E FD940000 E FD960000 E FD980000 E
FD9A0000 E FD9C0000 E FD9E0000 E FDA00000 E FDA20000 E
FDA40000 E FDA60000 E FDA80000 E FDAA0000 E FDAC0000 E
FDAE0000 E FDB00000 E FDB20000 E FDB40000 E FDB60000 E
FDB80000 E FDBA0000 E FDBC0000 E FDBE0000 E FDC00000 E
FDC20000 E FDC40000 E FDC60000 E FDC80000 E FDCA0000 E
FDCC0000 E FDCE0000 E FDD00000 E FDD20000 E FDD40000 E
FDD60000 E FDD80000 E FDDA0000 E FDDC0000 E FDDE0000 E
FDE00000 E FDE20000 E FDE40000 E FDE60000 E FDE80000 E
FDEA0000 E FDEC0000 E FDEE0000 E FDF00000 E FDF20000 E
FDF40000 E FDF60000 E FDF80000 E FDFA0000 E FDFC0000 E
FDFE0000 E FE000000 E FE020000 E FE040000 E FE060000 E
FE080000 E FE0A0000 E FE0C0000 E FE0E0000 E FE100000 E
FE120000 E FE140000 E FE160000 E FE180000 E FE1A0000 E
FE1C0000 E FE1E0000 E FE200000 E FE220000 E FE240000 E
FE260000 E FE280000 E FE2A0000 E FE2C0000 E FE2E0000 E
FE300000 E FE320000 E FE340000 E FE360000 E FE380000 E
FE3A0000 E FE3C0000 E FE3E0000 E FE400000 E FE420000 E
FE440000 E FE460000 E FE480000 E FE4A0000 E FE4C0000 E
FE4E0000 E FE500000 E FE520000 E FE540000 E FE560000 E
FE580000 E FE5A0000 E FE5C0000 E FE5E0000 E FE600000 E
FE620000 E FE640000 E FE660000 E FE680000 E FE6A0000 E
FE6C0000 E FE6E0000 E FE700000 E FE720000 E FE740000 E
FE760000 E FE780000 E FE7A0000 E FE7C0000 E FE7E0000 E
FE800000 E FE820000 E FE840000 E FE860000 E FE880000 E
FE8A0000 E FE8C0000 E FE8E0000 E FE900000 E FE920000 E
FE940000 E FE960000 E FE980000 E FE9A0000 E FE9C0000 E
FE9E0000 E FEA00000 E FEA20000 E FEA40000 E FEA60000 E
FEA80000 E FEAA0000 E FEAC0000 E FEAE0000 E FEB00000 E
FEB20000 E FEB40000 E FEB60000 E FEB80000 E FEBA0000 E
FEBC0000 E FEBE0000 E FEC00000 E FEC20000 E FEC40000 E
FEC60000 E FEC80000 E FECA0000 E FECC0000 E FECE0000 E
FED00000 E FED20000 E FED40000 E FED60000 E FED80000 E
FEDA0000 E FEDC0000 E FEDE0000 E FEE00000 E FEE20000 E
FEE40000 E FEE60000 E FEE80000 E FEEA0000 E FEEC0000 E
FEEE0000 E FEF00000 E FEF20000 E FEF40000 E FEF60000 E
FEF80000 E FEFA0000 E FEFC0000 E FEFE0000 E FF000000 E
FF020000 E FF040000 E FF060000 E FF080000 E FF0A0000 E
FF0C0000 E FF0E0000 E FF100000 E FF120000 E FF140000 E
FF160000 E FF180000 E FF1A0000 E FF1C0000 E FF1E0000 E
FF200000 E FF220000 E FF240000 E FF260000 E FF280000 E
FF2A0000 E FF2C0000 E FF2E0000 E FF300000 E FF320000 E
FF340000 E FF360000 E FF380000 E FF3A0000 E FF3C0000 E
FF3E0000 E FF400000 E FF420000 E FF440000 E FF460000 E
FF480000 E FF4A0000 E FF4C0000 E FF4E0000 E FF500000 E
FF520000 E FF540000 E FF560000 E FF580000 E FF5A0000 E
FF5C0000 E FF5E0000 E FF600000 E FF620000 E FF640000 E
FF660000 E FF680000 E FF6A0000 E FF6C0000 E FF6E0000 E
FF700000 E FF720000 E FF740000 E FF760000 E FF780000 E
FF7A0000 E FF7C0000 E FF7E0000 E FF800000 E FF820000 E
FF840000 E FF860000 E FF880000 E FF8A0000 E FF8C0000 E
FF8E0000 E FF900000 E FF920000 E FF940000 E FF960000 E
FF980000 E FF9A0000 E FF9C0000 E FF9E0000 E FFA00000 E
FFA20000 E FFA40000 E FFA60000 E FFA80000 E FFAA0000 E
FFAC0000 E FFAE0000 E FFB00000 E FFB20000 E FFB40000 E
FFB60000 E FFB80000 E FFBA0000 E FFBC0000 E FFBE0000 E
FFC00000 E FFC20000 E FFC40000 E FFC60000 E FFC80000 E
FFCA0000 E FFCC0000 E FFCE0000 E FFD00000 E FFD20000 E
FFD40000 E FFD60000 E FFD80000 E FFDA0000 E FFDC0000 E
FFDE0000 E FFE00000 E FFE20000 E FFE40000 E FFE60000 E
FFE80000 E FFEA0000 E FFEC0000 E FFEE0000 E FFF00000 E
FFF20000 E FFF40000 E FFF60000 RO FFF80000 RO FFFA0000 RO
FFFC0000 RO FFFE0000 RO
=>
=> help era
erase - erase FLASH memory
Usage:
erase start end
- erase FLASH from addr 'start' to addr 'end'
erase start +len
- erase FLASH from addr 'start' to the end of sect w/addr 'start'+'len'-1
erase N:SF[-SL]
- erase sectors SF-SL in FLASH bank # N
erase bank N
- erase FLASH bank # N
erase all
- erase all FLASH banks
=>
The erase command (short: era)
is used to erase the contents of one or more sectors of the flash
memory. It is one of the more complex commands; the
help output shows this.
Probably the most frequent usage of this command is to pass the
start and end addresses of the area to be erased:
=> era 0xFF900000 0xFF95FFFF
... done
Erased 3 sectors
=>
Note that both the start and end addresses for this command
must point exactly at the start resp. end addresses of flash sectors.
Otherwise the command will not be executed.
Another way to select certain areas of the flash memory for the erase
command uses the notation of flash banks and sectors:
Technically speaking, a bank is an area of
memory implemented by one or more memory chips that are connected to
the same chip select signal of the CPU, and a
flash sector or erase unit
is the smallest area that can be erased in one operation.
For practical purposes it is sufficient to remember that with flash
memory a bank is something that eventually may be erased as a whole
in a single operation. This may be more efficient (faster) than
erasing the same area sector by sector.
[It depends on the actual type of flash chips used on the board if
such a fast bank erase algorithm exists, and on the implementation of
the flash device driver if is actually used.]
In U-Boot, flash banks are numbered starting with
1, while flash sectors start with
0.
To erase the same flash area as specified using start and end
addresses in the example above you could also type:
=> era 1:455-456
Erase Flash Sectors 455-456 in Bank # 1
.. done
=>
To erase a whole bank of flash memory you can use a command like this one:
=> era bank 1
Erase Flash Bank # 1 - Warning: 5 protected sectors will not be erased!
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... done
=>
Note that a warning message is printed because some
write protected sectors exist in this flash bank
which were not erased.
With the command:
=> era all
Erase Flash Bank # 1 - Warning: 5 protected sectors will not be erased!
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... done
=>
the whole flash memory (except for the write-protected sectors) can
be erased.
=> help protect
protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
Usage:
protect on start end
- protect FLASH from addr 'start' to addr 'end'
protect on start +len
- protect FLASH from addr 'start' to end of sect w/addr 'start'+'len'-1
protect on N:SF[-SL]
- protect sectors SF-SL in FLASH bank # N
protect on bank N
- protect FLASH bank # N
protect on all
- protect all FLASH banks
protect off start end
- make FLASH from addr 'start' to addr 'end' writable
protect off start +len
- make FLASH from addr 'start' to end of sect w/addr 'start'+'len'-1 wrtable
protect off N:SF[-SL]
- make sectors SF-SL writable in FLASH bank # N
protect off bank N
- make FLASH bank # N writable
protect off all
- make all FLASH banks writable
=>
The protect command is another complex one. It is used to set
certain parts of the flash memory to read-only mode or to make them
writable again. Flash memory that is "protected" (= read-only)
cannot be written (with the cp command) or erased (with the
erase command). Protected areas are marked as (RO) (for "read-only") in
the output of the flinfo command:
=> fli
Bank # 1: CFI conformant FLASH (16 x 16) Size: 64 MB in 512 Sectors
AMD Standard command set, Manufacturer ID: 0x01, Device ID: 0x227E
Erase timeout: 16384 ms, write timeout: 2 ms
Buffer write timeout: 5 ms, buffer size: 32 bytes
Sector Start Addresses:
FC000000 E FC020000 E FC040000 E FC060000 E FC080000 E
FC0A0000 E FC0C0000 E FC0E0000 E FC100000 E FC120000 E
FC140000 E FC160000 E FC180000 E FC1A0000 E FC1C0000 E
FC1E0000 E FC200000 E FC220000 E FC240000 E FC260000 E
FC280000 E FC2A0000 E FC2C0000 E FC2E0000 E FC300000 E
FC320000 E FC340000 E FC360000 E FC380000 E FC3A0000 E
FC3C0000 E FC3E0000 E FC400000 E FC420000 E FC440000 E
FC460000 E FC480000 E FC4A0000 E FC4C0000 E FC4E0000 E
FC500000 E FC520000 E FC540000 E FC560000 E FC580000 E
FC5A0000 E FC5C0000 E FC5E0000 E FC600000 E FC620000 E
FC640000 E FC660000 E FC680000 E FC6A0000 E FC6C0000 E
FC6E0000 E FC700000 E FC720000 E FC740000 E FC760000 E
FC780000 E FC7A0000 E FC7C0000 E FC7E0000 E FC800000 E
FC820000 E FC840000 E FC860000 E FC880000 E FC8A0000 E
FC8C0000 E FC8E0000 E FC900000 E FC920000 E FC940000 E
FC960000 E FC980000 E FC9A0000 E FC9C0000 E FC9E0000 E
FCA00000 E FCA20000 E FCA40000 E FCA60000 E FCA80000 E
FCAA0000 E FCAC0000 E FCAE0000 E FCB00000 E FCB20000 E
FCB40000 E FCB60000 E FCB80000 E FCBA0000 E FCBC0000 E
FCBE0000 E FCC00000 E FCC20000 E FCC40000 E FCC60000 E
FCC80000 E FCCA0000 E FCCC0000 E FCCE0000 E FCD00000 E
FCD20000 E FCD40000 E FCD60000 E FCD80000 E FCDA0000 E
FCDC0000 E FCDE0000 E FCE00000 E FCE20000 E FCE40000 E
FCE60000 E FCE80000 E FCEA0000 E FCEC0000 E FCEE0000 E
FCF00000 E FCF20000 E FCF40000 E FCF60000 E FCF80000 E
FCFA0000 E FCFC0000 E FCFE0000 E FD000000 E FD020000 E
FD040000 E FD060000 E FD080000 E FD0A0000 E FD0C0000 E
FD0E0000 E FD100000 E FD120000 E FD140000 E FD160000 E
FD180000 E FD1A0000 E FD1C0000 E FD1E0000 E FD200000 E
FD220000 E FD240000 E FD260000 E FD280000 E FD2A0000 E
FD2C0000 E FD2E0000 E FD300000 E FD320000 E FD340000 E
FD360000 E FD380000 E FD3A0000 E FD3C0000 E FD3E0000 E
FD400000 E FD420000 E FD440000 E FD460000 E FD480000 E
FD4A0000 E FD4C0000 E FD4E0000 E FD500000 E FD520000 E
FD540000 E FD560000 E FD580000 E FD5A0000 E FD5C0000 E
FD5E0000 E FD600000 E FD620000 E FD640000 E FD660000 E
FD680000 E FD6A0000 E FD6C0000 E FD6E0000 E FD700000 E
FD720000 E FD740000 E FD760000 E FD780000 E FD7A0000 E
FD7C0000 E FD7E0000 E FD800000 E FD820000 E FD840000 E
FD860000 E FD880000 E FD8A0000 E FD8C0000 E FD8E0000 E
FD900000 E FD920000 E FD940000 E FD960000 E FD980000 E
FD9A0000 E FD9C0000 E FD9E0000 E FDA00000 E FDA20000 E
FDA40000 E FDA60000 E FDA80000 E FDAA0000 E FDAC0000 E
FDAE0000 E FDB00000 E FDB20000 E FDB40000 E FDB60000 E
FDB80000 E FDBA0000 E FDBC0000 E FDBE0000 E FDC00000 E
FDC20000 E FDC40000 E FDC60000 E FDC80000 E FDCA0000 E
FDCC0000 E FDCE0000 E FDD00000 E FDD20000 E FDD40000 E
FDD60000 E FDD80000 E FDDA0000 E FDDC0000 E FDDE0000 E
FDE00000 E FDE20000 E FDE40000 E FDE60000 E FDE80000 E
FDEA0000 E FDEC0000 E FDEE0000 E FDF00000 E FDF20000 E
FDF40000 E FDF60000 E FDF80000 E FDFA0000 E FDFC0000 E
FDFE0000 E FE000000 E FE020000 E FE040000 E FE060000 E
FE080000 E FE0A0000 E FE0C0000 E FE0E0000 E FE100000 E
FE120000 E FE140000 E FE160000 E FE180000 E FE1A0000 E
FE1C0000 E FE1E0000 E FE200000 E FE220000 E FE240000 E
FE260000 E FE280000 E FE2A0000 E FE2C0000 E FE2E0000 E
FE300000 E FE320000 E FE340000 E FE360000 E FE380000 E
FE3A0000 E FE3C0000 E FE3E0000 E FE400000 E FE420000 E
FE440000 E FE460000 E FE480000 E FE4A0000 E FE4C0000 E
FE4E0000 E FE500000 E FE520000 E FE540000 E FE560000 E
FE580000 E FE5A0000 E FE5C0000 E FE5E0000 E FE600000 E
FE620000 E FE640000 E FE660000 E FE680000 E FE6A0000 E
FE6C0000 E FE6E0000 E FE700000 E FE720000 E FE740000 E
FE760000 E FE780000 E FE7A0000 E FE7C0000 E FE7E0000 E
FE800000 E FE820000 E FE840000 E FE860000 E FE880000 E
FE8A0000 E FE8C0000 E FE8E0000 E FE900000 E FE920000 E
FE940000 E FE960000 E FE980000 E FE9A0000 E FE9C0000 E
FE9E0000 E FEA00000 E FEA20000 E FEA40000 E FEA60000 E
FEA80000 E FEAA0000 E FEAC0000 E FEAE0000 E FEB00000 E
FEB20000 E FEB40000 E FEB60000 E FEB80000 E FEBA0000 E
FEBC0000 E FEBE0000 E FEC00000 E FEC20000 E FEC40000 E
FEC60000 E FEC80000 E FECA0000 E FECC0000 E FECE0000 E
FED00000 E FED20000 E FED40000 E FED60000 E FED80000 E
FEDA0000 E FEDC0000 E FEDE0000 E FEE00000 E FEE20000 E
FEE40000 E FEE60000 E FEE80000 E FEEA0000 E FEEC0000 E
FEEE0000 E FEF00000 E FEF20000 E FEF40000 E FEF60000 E
FEF80000 E FEFA0000 E FEFC0000 E FEFE0000 E FF000000 E
FF020000 E FF040000 E FF060000 E FF080000 E FF0A0000 E
FF0C0000 E FF0E0000 E FF100000 E FF120000 E FF140000 E
FF160000 E FF180000 E FF1A0000 E FF1C0000 E FF1E0000 E
FF200000 E FF220000 E FF240000 E FF260000 E FF280000 E
FF2A0000 E FF2C0000 E FF2E0000 E FF300000 E FF320000 E
FF340000 E FF360000 E FF380000 E FF3A0000 E FF3C0000 E
FF3E0000 E FF400000 E FF420000 E FF440000 E FF460000 E
FF480000 E FF4A0000 E FF4C0000 E FF4E0000 E FF500000 E
FF520000 E FF540000 E FF560000 E FF580000 E FF5A0000 E
FF5C0000 E FF5E0000 E FF600000 E FF620000 E FF640000 E
FF660000 E FF680000 E FF6A0000 E FF6C0000 E FF6E0000 E
FF700000 E FF720000 E FF740000 E FF760000 E FF780000 E
FF7A0000 E FF7C0000 E FF7E0000 E FF800000 E FF820000 E
FF840000 E FF860000 E FF880000 E FF8A0000 E FF8C0000 E
FF8E0000 E FF900000 E FF920000 E FF940000 E FF960000 E
FF980000 E FF9A0000 E FF9C0000 E FF9E0000 E FFA00000 E
FFA20000 E FFA40000 E FFA60000 E FFA80000 E FFAA0000 E
FFAC0000 E FFAE0000 E FFB00000 E FFB20000 E FFB40000 E
FFB60000 E FFB80000 E FFBA0000 E FFBC0000 E FFBE0000 E
FFC00000 E FFC20000 E FFC40000 E FFC60000 E FFC80000 E
FFCA0000 E FFCC0000 E FFCE0000 E FFD00000 E FFD20000 E
FFD40000 E FFD60000 E FFD80000 E FFDA0000 E FFDC0000 E
FFDE0000 E FFE00000 E FFE20000 E FFE40000 E FFE60000 E
FFE80000 E FFEA0000 E FFEC0000 E FFEE0000 E FFF00000 E
FFF20000 E FFF40000 E FFF60000 RO FFF80000 RO FFFA0000 RO
FFFC0000 RO FFFE0000 RO
=> prot on 0xFF900000 0xFF97FFFF
Protected 4 sectors
=> fli
Bank # 1: CFI conformant FLASH (16 x 16) Size: 64 MB in 512 Sectors
AMD Standard command set, Manufacturer ID: 0x01, Device ID: 0x227E
Erase timeout: 16384 ms, write timeout: 2 ms
Buffer write timeout: 5 ms, buffer size: 32 bytes
Sector Start Addresses:
FC000000 E FC020000 E FC040000 E FC060000 E FC080000 E
FC0A0000 E FC0C0000 E FC0E0000 E FC100000 E FC120000 E
FC140000 E FC160000 E FC180000 E FC1A0000 E FC1C0000 E
FC1E0000 E FC200000 E FC220000 E FC240000 E FC260000 E
FC280000 E FC2A0000 E FC2C0000 E FC2E0000 E FC300000 E
FC320000 E FC340000 E FC360000 E FC380000 E FC3A0000 E
FC3C0000 E FC3E0000 E FC400000 E FC420000 E FC440000 E
FC460000 E FC480000 E FC4A0000 E FC4C0000 E FC4E0000 E
FC500000 E FC520000 E FC540000 E FC560000 E FC580000 E
FC5A0000 E FC5C0000 E FC5E0000 E FC600000 E FC620000 E
FC640000 E FC660000 E FC680000 E FC6A0000 E FC6C0000 E
FC6E0000 E FC700000 E FC720000 E FC740000 E FC760000 E
FC780000 E FC7A0000 E FC7C0000 E FC7E0000 E FC800000 E
FC820000 E FC840000 E FC860000 E FC880000 E FC8A0000 E
FC8C0000 E FC8E0000 E FC900000 E FC920000 E FC940000 E
FC960000 E FC980000 E FC9A0000 E FC9C0000 E FC9E0000 E
FCA00000 E FCA20000 E FCA40000 E FCA60000 E FCA80000 E
FCAA0000 E FCAC0000 E FCAE0000 E FCB00000 E FCB20000 E
FCB40000 E FCB60000 E FCB80000 E FCBA0000 E FCBC0000 E
FCBE0000 E FCC00000 E FCC20000 E FCC40000 E FCC60000 E
FCC80000 E FCCA0000 E FCCC0000 E FCCE0000 E FCD00000 E
FCD20000 E FCD40000 E FCD60000 E FCD80000 E FCDA0000 E
FCDC0000 E FCDE0000 E FCE00000 E FCE20000 E FCE40000 E
FCE60000 E FCE80000 E FCEA0000 E FCEC0000 E FCEE0000 E
FCF00000 E FCF20000 E FCF40000 E FCF60000 E FCF80000 E
FCFA0000 E FCFC0000 E FCFE0000 E FD000000 E FD020000 E
FD040000 E FD060000 E FD080000 E FD0A0000 E FD0C0000 E
FD0E0000 E FD100000 E FD120000 E FD140000 E FD160000 E
FD180000 E FD1A0000 E FD1C0000 E FD1E0000 E FD200000 E
FD220000 E FD240000 E FD260000 E FD280000 E FD2A0000 E
FD2C0000 E FD2E0000 E FD300000 E FD320000 E FD340000 E
FD360000 E FD380000 E FD3A0000 E FD3C0000 E FD3E0000 E
FD400000 E FD420000 E FD440000 E FD460000 E FD480000 E
FD4A0000 E FD4C0000 E FD4E0000 E FD500000 E FD520000 E
FD540000 E FD560000 E FD580000 E FD5A0000 E FD5C0000 E
FD5E0000 E FD600000 E FD620000 E FD640000 E FD660000 E
FD680000 E FD6A0000 E FD6C0000 E FD6E0000 E FD700000 E
FD720000 E FD740000 E FD760000 E FD780000 E FD7A0000 E
FD7C0000 E FD7E0000 E FD800000 E FD820000 E FD840000 E
FD860000 E FD880000 E FD8A0000 E FD8C0000 E FD8E0000 E
FD900000 E FD920000 E FD940000 E FD960000 E FD980000 E
FD9A0000 E FD9C0000 E FD9E0000 E FDA00000 E FDA20000 E
FDA40000 E FDA60000 E FDA80000 E FDAA0000 E FDAC0000 E
FDAE0000 E FDB00000 E FDB20000 E FDB40000 E FDB60000 E
FDB80000 E FDBA0000 E FDBC0000 E FDBE0000 E FDC00000 E
FDC20000 E FDC40000 E FDC60000 E FDC80000 E FDCA0000 E
FDCC0000 E FDCE0000 E FDD00000 E FDD20000 E FDD40000 E
FDD60000 E FDD80000 E FDDA0000 E FDDC0000 E FDDE0000 E
FDE00000 E FDE20000 E FDE40000 E FDE60000 E FDE80000 E
FDEA0000 E FDEC0000 E FDEE0000 E FDF00000 E FDF20000 E
FDF40000 E FDF60000 E FDF80000 E FDFA0000 E FDFC0000 E
FDFE0000 E FE000000 E FE020000 E FE040000 E FE060000 E
FE080000 E FE0A0000 E FE0C0000 E FE0E0000 E FE100000 E
FE120000 E FE140000 E FE160000 E FE180000 E FE1A0000 E
FE1C0000 E FE1E0000 E FE200000 E FE220000 E FE240000 E
FE260000 E FE280000 E FE2A0000 E FE2C0000 E FE2E0000 E
FE300000 E FE320000 E FE340000 E FE360000 E FE380000 E
FE3A0000 E FE3C0000 E FE3E0000 E FE400000 E FE420000 E
FE440000 E FE460000 E FE480000 E FE4A0000 E FE4C0000 E
FE4E0000 E FE500000 E FE520000 E FE540000 E FE560000 E
FE580000 E FE5A0000 E FE5C0000 E FE5E0000 E FE600000 E
FE620000 E FE640000 E FE660000 E FE680000 E FE6A0000 E
FE6C0000 E FE6E0000 E FE700000 E FE720000 E FE740000 E
FE760000 E FE780000 E FE7A0000 E FE7C0000 E FE7E0000 E
FE800000 E FE820000 E FE840000 E FE860000 E FE880000 E
FE8A0000 E FE8C0000 E FE8E0000 E FE900000 E FE920000 E
FE940000 E FE960000 E FE980000 E FE9A0000 E FE9C0000 E
FE9E0000 E FEA00000 E FEA20000 E FEA40000 E FEA60000 E
FEA80000 E FEAA0000 E FEAC0000 E FEAE0000 E FEB00000 E
FEB20000 E FEB40000 E FEB60000 E FEB80000 E FEBA0000 E
FEBC0000 E FEBE0000 E FEC00000 E FEC20000 E FEC40000 E
FEC60000 E FEC80000 E FECA0000 E FECC0000 E FECE0000 E
FED00000 E FED20000 E FED40000 E FED60000 E FED80000 E
FEDA0000 E FEDC0000 E FEDE0000 E FEE00000 E FEE20000 E
FEE40000 E FEE60000 E FEE80000 E FEEA0000 E FEEC0000 E
FEEE0000 E FEF00000 E FEF20000 E FEF40000 E FEF60000 E
FEF80000 E FEFA0000 E FEFC0000 E FEFE0000 E FF000000 E
FF020000 E FF040000 E FF060000 E FF080000 E FF0A0000 E
FF0C0000 E FF0E0000 E FF100000 E FF120000 E FF140000 E
FF160000 E FF180000 E FF1A0000 E FF1C0000 E FF1E0000 E
FF200000 E FF220000 E FF240000 E FF260000 E FF280000 E
FF2A0000 E FF2C0000 E FF2E0000 E FF300000 E FF320000 E
FF340000 E FF360000 E FF380000 E FF3A0000 E FF3C0000 E
FF3E0000 E FF400000 E FF420000 E FF440000 E FF460000 E
FF480000 E FF4A0000 E FF4C0000 E FF4E0000 E FF500000 E
FF520000 E FF540000 E FF560000 E FF580000 E FF5A0000 E
FF5C0000 E FF5E0000 E FF600000 E FF620000 E FF640000 E
FF660000 E FF680000 E FF6A0000 E FF6C0000 E FF6E0000 E
FF700000 E FF720000 E FF740000 E FF760000 E FF780000 E
FF7A0000 E FF7C0000 E FF7E0000 E FF800000 E FF820000 E
FF840000 E FF860000 E FF880000 E FF8A0000 E FF8C0000 E
FF8E0000 E FF900000 E RO FF920000 E RO FF940000 E RO FF960000 E RO
FF980000 E FF9A0000 E FF9C0000 E FF9E0000 E FFA00000 E
FFA20000 E FFA40000 E FFA60000 E FFA80000 E FFAA0000 E
FFAC0000 E FFAE0000 E FFB00000 E FFB20000 E FFB40000 E
FFB60000 E FFB80000 E FFBA0000 E FFBC0000 E FFBE0000 E
FFC00000 E FFC20000 E FFC40000 E FFC60000 E FFC80000 E
FFCA0000 E FFCC0000 E FFCE0000 E FFD00000 E FFD20000 E
FFD40000 E FFD60000 E FFD80000 E FFDA0000 E FFDC0000 E
FFDE0000 E FFE00000 E FFE20000 E FFE40000 E FFE60000 E
FFE80000 E FFEA0000 E FFEC0000 E FFEE0000 E FFF00000 E
FFF20000 E FFF40000 E FFF60000 RO FFF80000 RO FFFA0000 RO
FFFC0000 RO FFFE0000 RO
=> era 0xFF900000 0xFF97FFFF
- Warning: 4 protected sectors will not be erased!
done
Erased 4 sectors
=> prot off 1:455
Un-Protect Flash Sectors 455-455 in Bank # 1
=> fli
Bank # 1: CFI conformant FLASH (16 x 16) Size: 64 MB in 512 Sectors
AMD Standard command set, Manufacturer ID: 0x01, Device ID: 0x227E
Erase timeout: 16384 ms, write timeout: 2 ms
Buffer write timeout: 5 ms, buffer size: 32 bytes
Sector Start Addresses:
FC000000 E FC020000 E FC040000 E FC060000 E FC080000 E
FC0A0000 E FC0C0000 E FC0E0000 E FC100000 E FC120000 E
FC140000 E FC160000 E FC180000 E FC1A0000 E FC1C0000 E
FC1E0000 E FC200000 E FC220000 E FC240000 E FC260000 E
FC280000 E FC2A0000 E FC2C0000 E FC2E0000 E FC300000 E
FC320000 E FC340000 E FC360000 E FC380000 E FC3A0000 E
FC3C0000 E FC3E0000 E FC400000 E FC420000 E FC440000 E
FC460000 E FC480000 E FC4A0000 E FC4C0000 E FC4E0000 E
FC500000 E FC520000 E FC540000 E FC560000 E FC580000 E
FC5A0000 E FC5C0000 E FC5E0000 E FC600000 E FC620000 E
FC640000 E FC660000 E FC680000 E FC6A0000 E FC6C0000 E
FC6E0000 E FC700000 E FC720000 E FC740000 E FC760000 E
FC780000 E FC7A0000 E FC7C0000 E FC7E0000 E FC800000 E
FC820000 E FC840000 E FC860000 E FC880000 E FC8A0000 E
FC8C0000 E FC8E0000 E FC900000 E FC920000 E FC940000 E
FC960000 E FC980000 E FC9A0000 E FC9C0000 E FC9E0000 E
FCA00000 E FCA20000 E FCA40000 E FCA60000 E FCA80000 E
FCAA0000 E FCAC0000 E FCAE0000 E FCB00000 E FCB20000 E
FCB40000 E FCB60000 E FCB80000 E FCBA0000 E FCBC0000 E
FCBE0000 E FCC00000 E FCC20000 E FCC40000 E FCC60000 E
FCC80000 E FCCA0000 E FCCC0000 E FCCE0000 E FCD00000 E
FCD20000 E FCD40000 E FCD60000 E FCD80000 E FCDA0000 E
FCDC0000 E FCDE0000 E FCE00000 E FCE20000 E FCE40000 E
FCE60000 E FCE80000 E FCEA0000 E FCEC0000 E FCEE0000 E
FCF00000 E FCF20000 E FCF40000 E FCF60000 E FCF80000 E
FCFA0000 E FCFC0000 E FCFE0000 E FD000000 E FD020000 E
FD040000 E FD060000 E FD080000 E FD0A0000 E FD0C0000 E
FD0E0000 E FD100000 E FD120000 E FD140000 E FD160000 E
FD180000 E FD1A0000 E FD1C0000 E FD1E0000 E FD200000 E
FD220000 E FD240000 E FD260000 E FD280000 E FD2A0000 E
FD2C0000 E FD2E0000 E FD300000 E FD320000 E FD340000 E
FD360000 E FD380000 E FD3A0000 E FD3C0000 E FD3E0000 E
FD400000 E FD420000 E FD440000 E FD460000 E FD480000 E
FD4A0000 E FD4C0000 E FD4E0000 E FD500000 E FD520000 E
FD540000 E FD560000 E FD580000 E FD5A0000 E FD5C0000 E
FD5E0000 E FD600000 E FD620000 E FD640000 E FD660000 E
FD680000 E FD6A0000 E FD6C0000 E FD6E0000 E FD700000 E
FD720000 E FD740000 E FD760000 E FD780000 E FD7A0000 E
FD7C0000 E FD7E0000 E FD800000 E FD820000 E FD840000 E
FD860000 E FD880000 E FD8A0000 E FD8C0000 E FD8E0000 E
FD900000 E FD920000 E FD940000 E FD960000 E FD980000 E
FD9A0000 E FD9C0000 E FD9E0000 E FDA00000 E FDA20000 E
FDA40000 E FDA60000 E FDA80000 E FDAA0000 E FDAC0000 E
FDAE0000 E FDB00000 E FDB20000 E FDB40000 E FDB60000 E
FDB80000 E FDBA0000 E FDBC0000 E FDBE0000 E FDC00000 E
FDC20000 E FDC40000 E FDC60000 E FDC80000 E FDCA0000 E
FDCC0000 E FDCE0000 E FDD00000 E FDD20000 E FDD40000 E
FDD60000 E FDD80000 E FDDA0000 E FDDC0000 E FDDE0000 E
FDE00000 E FDE20000 E FDE40000 E FDE60000 E FDE80000 E
FDEA0000 E FDEC0000 E FDEE0000 E FDF00000 E FDF20000 E
FDF40000 E FDF60000 E FDF80000 E FDFA0000 E FDFC0000 E
FDFE0000 E FE000000 E FE020000 E FE040000 E FE060000 E
FE080000 E FE0A0000 E FE0C0000 E FE0E0000 E FE100000 E
FE120000 E FE140000 E FE160000 E FE180000 E FE1A0000 E
FE1C0000 E FE1E0000 E FE200000 E FE220000 E FE240000 E
FE260000 E FE280000 E FE2A0000 E FE2C0000 E FE2E0000 E
FE300000 E FE320000 E FE340000 E FE360000 E FE380000 E
FE3A0000 E FE3C0000 E FE3E0000 E FE400000 E FE420000 E
FE440000 E FE460000 E FE480000 E FE4A0000 E FE4C0000 E
FE4E0000 E FE500000 E FE520000 E FE540000 E FE560000 E
FE580000 E FE5A0000 E FE5C0000 E FE5E0000 E FE600000 E
FE620000 E FE640000 E FE660000 E FE680000 E FE6A0000 E
FE6C0000 E FE6E0000 E FE700000 E FE720000 E FE740000 E
FE760000 E FE780000 E FE7A0000 E FE7C0000 E FE7E0000 E
FE800000 E FE820000 E FE840000 E FE860000 E FE880000 E
FE8A0000 E FE8C0000 E FE8E0000 E FE900000 E FE920000 E
FE940000 E FE960000 E FE980000 E FE9A0000 E FE9C0000 E
FE9E0000 E FEA00000 E FEA20000 E FEA40000 E FEA60000 E
FEA80000 E FEAA0000 E FEAC0000 E FEAE0000 E FEB00000 E
FEB20000 E FEB40000 E FEB60000 E FEB80000 E FEBA0000 E
FEBC0000 E FEBE0000 E FEC00000 E FEC20000 E FEC40000 E
FEC60000 E FEC80000 E FECA0000 E FECC0000 E FECE0000 E
FED00000 E FED20000 E FED40000 E FED60000 E FED80000 E
FEDA0000 E FEDC0000 E FEDE0000 E FEE00000 E FEE20000 E
FEE40000 E FEE60000 E FEE80000 E FEEA0000 E FEEC0000 E
FEEE0000 E FEF00000 E FEF20000 E FEF40000 E FEF60000 E
FEF80000 E FEFA0000 E FEFC0000 E FEFE0000 E FF000000 E
FF020000 E FF040000 E FF060000 E FF080000 E FF0A0000 E
FF0C0000 E FF0E0000 E FF100000 E FF120000 E FF140000 E
FF160000 E FF180000 E FF1A0000 E FF1C0000 E FF1E0000 E
FF200000 E FF220000 E FF240000 E FF260000 E FF280000 E
FF2A0000 E FF2C0000 E FF2E0000 E FF300000 E FF320000 E
FF340000 E FF360000 E FF380000 E FF3A0000 E FF3C0000 E
FF3E0000 E FF400000 E FF420000 E FF440000 E FF460000 E
FF480000 E FF4A0000 E FF4C0000 E FF4E0000 E FF500000 E
FF520000 E FF540000 E FF560000 E FF580000 E FF5A0000 E
FF5C0000 E FF5E0000 E FF600000 E FF620000 E FF640000 E
FF660000 E FF680000 E FF6A0000 E FF6C0000 E FF6E0000 E
FF700000 E FF720000 E FF740000 E FF760000 E FF780000 E
FF7A0000 E FF7C0000 E FF7E0000 E FF800000 E FF820000 E
FF840000 E FF860000 E FF880000 E FF8A0000 E FF8C0000 E
FF8E0000 E FF900000 E RO FF920000 E RO FF940000 E RO FF960000 E RO
FF980000 E FF9A0000 E FF9C0000 E FF9E0000 E FFA00000 E
FFA20000 E FFA40000 E FFA60000 E FFA80000 E FFAA0000 E
FFAC0000 E FFAE0000 E FFB00000 E FFB20000 E FFB40000 E
FFB60000 E FFB80000 E FFBA0000 E FFBC0000 E FFBE0000 E
FFC00000 E FFC20000 E FFC40000 E FFC60000 E FFC80000 E
FFCA0000 E FFCC0000 E FFCE0000 E FFD00000 E FFD20000 E
FFD40000 E FFD60000 E FFD80000 E FFDA0000 E FFDC0000 E
FFDE0000 E FFE00000 E FFE20000 E FFE40000 E FFE60000 E
FFE80000 E FFEA0000 E FFEC0000 E FFEE0000 E FFF00000 E
FFF20000 E FFF40000 E FFF60000 RO FFF80000 RO FFFA0000 RO
FFFC0000 RO FFFE0000 RO
=> era 1:455
Erase Flash Sectors 455-455 in Bank # 1
. done
=>
The actual level of protection depends on the flash chips used on
your hardware, and on the implementation of the flash device driver
for this board. In most cases U-Boot provides just a simple
software-protection, i. e. it prevents you from erasing or overwriting
important stuff by accident (like the U-Boot code itself or U-Boot's
environment variables), but it cannot prevent you from circumventing
these restrictions - a nasty user who is loading and running his own
flash driver code cannot and will not be stopped by this
mechanism. Also, in most cases this protection is only effective while
running U-Boot, i. e. any operating system will not know about
"protected" flash areas and will happily erase these if requested to
do so.
U-Boot implements two different approaches to define a MTD partition
scheme that can be shared easily with the linux kernel.
The first one is to define a single, static partition in your board
config file, for example:
#undef CONFIG_JFFS2_CMDLINE
#define CONFIG_JFFS2_DEV "nor0"
#define CONFIG_JFFS2_PART_SIZE 0xFFFFFFFF /* use whole device */
#define CONFIG_JFFS2_PART_SIZE 0x00100000 /* use 1MB */
#define CONFIG_JFFS2_PART_OFFSET 0x00000000
The second method uses the Linux kernel's mtdparts command line
option and dynamic partitioning:
#define CONFIG_JFFS2_CMDLINE
#define MTDIDS_DEFAULT "nor1=zuma-1,nor2=zuma-2"
#define MTDPARTS_DEFAULT "mtdparts=zuma-1:-(jffs2),zuma-2:-(user)"
Command line of course produces bigger images, and may be
inappropriate for some targets, so by default it's off.
The mtdparts command offers an easy to use and powerful interface to define the contents of the environment variable of the same name that can be passed as boot argument to the Linux kernel:
=> help mtdparts
mtdparts
- list partition table
mtdparts delall
- delete all partitions
mtdparts del part-id
- delete partition (e.g. part-id = nand0,1)
mtdparts add <mtd-dev> <size>[@<offset>] [<name>] [ro]
- add partition
mtdparts default
- reset partition table to defaults
-----
this command uses three environment variables:
'partition' - keeps current partition identifier
partition := <part-id>
<part-id> := <dev-id>,part_num
'mtdids' - linux kernel mtd device id <-> u-boot device id mapping
mtdids=<idmap>[,<idmap>,...]
<idmap> := <dev-id>=<mtd-id>
<dev-id> := 'nand'|'nor'<dev-num>
<dev-num> := mtd device number, 0...
<mtd-id> := unique device tag used by linux kernel to find mtd device (mtd->name)
'mtdparts' - partition list
mtdparts=mtdparts=<mtd-def>[;<mtd-def>...]
<mtd-def> := <mtd-id>:<part-def>[,<part-def>...]
<mtd-id> := unique device tag used by linux kernel to find mtd device (mtd->name)
<part-def> := <size>[@<offset>][<name>][<ro-flag>]
<size> := standard linux memsize OR '-' to denote all remaining space
<offset> := partition start offset within the device
<name> := '(' NAME ')'
<ro-flag> := when set to 'ro' makes partition read-only (not used, passed to kernel)
For example, on some target system the mtdparts command might
display this information:
=> mtdparts
device nor0 <TQM5200-0>, # parts = 4
#: name size offset mask_flags
0: firmware 0x00100000 0x00000000 1
1: kernel 0x00180000 0x00100000 0
2: small-fs 0x00d80000 0x00280000 0
3: big-fs 0x01000000 0x01000000 0
active partition: nor0,0 - (firmware) 0x00100000 @ 0x00000000
defaults:
mtdids : nor0=TQM5200-0
mtdparts: mtdparts=TQM5200-0:1m(firmware),1536k(kernel),3584k(small-fs),2m(initrd),8m(misc),16m(big-fs)
The partition table printed here obviously differs from the default value for the mtdparts variable printed in the last line. To verify this, we can check the current content of
this variable:
=> print mtdparts
mtdparts=mtdparts=TQM5200-0:1024k(firmware)ro,1536k(kernel),13824k(small-fs),16m(big-fs)
and we can see that it exactly matches the partition table printed above.
Now let's switch back to the default settings:
=> mtdparts default
=> mtdparts
device nor0 <TQM5200-0>, # parts = 6
#: name size offset mask_flags
0: firmware 0x00100000 0x00000000 0
1: kernel 0x00180000 0x00100000 0
2: small-fs 0x00380000 0x00280000 0
3: initrd 0x00200000 0x00600000 0
4: misc 0x00800000 0x00800000 0
5: big-fs 0x01000000 0x01000000 0
active partition: nor0,0 - (firmware) 0x00100000 @ 0x00000000
defaults:
mtdids : nor0=TQM5200-0
mtdparts: mtdparts=TQM5200-0:1m(firmware),1536k(kernel),3584k(small-fs),2m(initrd),8m(misc),16m(big-fs)
=> print mtdparts
mtdparts=mtdparts=TQM5200-0:1m(firmware),1536k(kernel),3584k(small-fs),2m(initrd),8m(misc),16m(big-fs)
Then we delete the last 4 partitions ("small-fs",
"initrd", "misc" and "big-fs") ...
=> mtdparts del small-fs
=> mtdparts del initrd
=> mtdparts del misc
=> mtdparts del big-fs
=> mtdparts
device nor0 <TQM5200-0>, # parts = 2
#: name size offset mask_flags
0: firmware 0x00100000 0x00000000 0
1: kernel 0x00180000 0x00100000 0
active partition: nor0,0 - (firmware) 0x00100000 @ 0x00000000
defaults:
mtdids : nor0=TQM5200-0
mtdparts: mtdparts=TQM5200-0:1m(firmware),1536k(kernel),3584k(small-fs),2m(initrd),8m(misc),16m(big-fs)
... and combine the free space into a singe big partition:
=> mtdparts add nor0 - new-part
=> mtdparts
device nor0 <TQM5200-0>, # parts = 3
#: name size offset mask_flags
0: firmware 0x00100000 0x00000000 0
1: kernel 0x00180000 0x00100000 0
2: new-part 0x01d80000 0x00280000 0
active partition: nor0,0 - (firmware) 0x00100000 @ 0x00000000
defaults:
mtdids : nor0=TQM5200-0
mtdparts: mtdparts=TQM5200-0:1m(firmware),1536k(kernel),3584k(small-fs),2m(initrd),8m(misc),16m(big-fs)
=> print mtdparts
mtdparts=mtdparts=TQM5200-0:1m(firmware),1536k(kernel),30208k(new-part)
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